1-
History & Object of the Game
2- The Essentials
(Offense & Defense, Scoring, etc.)
3- Fouls
4- Court Diagram
& Positions
5- Glossary
of Basketball Terms
Common Referee Signals
Referees govern play and call fouls
against players by blowing a whistle
and gesturing to signal the type of
foul. Most fouls are personal fouls
called on the defense for illegally
contacting an opposing player. Examples
of personal fouls are pushing, tripping,
holding, blocking,
or contacting an offensive player
with the body. Players are excluded
from the game after committing five
personal fouls and are said to have
fouled out. Additionally,
each personal foul counts towards
a team foul. Teams are allotted a
specified number of team fouls, usually
six, before free-throws are awarded
for non-shooting fouls, starting with
one-and-one.
Fouls committed while an offensive
player is shooting the ball are called
shooting fouls. Shooting fouls result
in two free-throws for fouls during
a field goal attempt, and three free-throws
if the player is shooting a three-pointer.
If the player is fouled during a shot
and the shot goes in, the points count
and the player is awarded one free-throw.
Although less frequent, personal
fouls can also be called on the offense.
Personal fouls on offensive players
are most often called for charging,
pushing off of an opponent, or setting
illegal screens.
More often, offensive players are
called for violations, such as traveling,
double
dribble, carry
over, shot clock violations,
or three second violations, which
result in a turnover.
Another type of foul, called a technical
foul, can be called on a player or
coach for unsportsmanlike conduct
and results in the opponent receiving
two free-throws and possession of
the ball. Anyone who commits two technical
fouls is excluded from the game.
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